Recent data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in its Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 reveals that global phosphate rock production reached 240 million tons in 2024, growing in tandem with demand. Despite declining reserves of high-grade phosphate rock, agricultural demand continues its steady upward trajectory. The USGS reported that “global consumption of phosphate fertilizer nutrients, expressed as P₂O₅, was estimated to be 47.5 million tons in 2024, compared with 45.8 million tons in 2023, and is projected to increase to 51.8 million tons by 2028.” Asia and South America are identified as the primary regions driving this growth.
Based on the USGS data, international media have compiled the following ranking of the world’s top 10 phosphate-producing countries for 2024. This report provides a translation and summary for industry reference.
No.1 China
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Phosphate Production (2024): 110 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 3.7 billion tons
China possesses the world’s second-largest phosphate reserves, totaling 3.7 billion tons. In 2024, its phosphate production increased to 110 million tons from 105 million tons in 2023, solidifying its position as the world’s leading producer by a significant margin. This growth occurred despite environmental regulations in the mining sector. To stabilize domestic fertilizer prices, China has implemented export restrictions on phosphate products, including a reported pause on new phosphate export applications in December 2024 due to rising raw material (sulfur) costs.
No.2 Morocco
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Phosphate Production (2024): 30 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 50 billion tons
As the world’s second-largest producer, Morocco’s output in 2024 was 30 million tons, slightly down from 33 million tons in 2023. Future production is expected to rise with ongoing capacity expansion projects slated for completion around 2027. Production is dominated by the state-owned OCP Group, which operates mines including the Gantour deposit, one of the world’s largest. Morocco holds the most extensive phosphate reserves globally, estimated at 50 billion tons, accounting for over 67% of the world’s total.
No.3 United States
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Phosphate Production (2024): 20 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 1 billion tons
The U.S. produced 20 million tons in 2024, a modest increase of 400,000 tons from 2023. Its ten active phosphate mines are located across four states: Florida, North Carolina, Idaho, and Utah. The industry is led by two major players: Mosaic Company and Nutrien. Most domestically mined phosphate rock is used to produce phosphoric acid, primarily for animal feed supplements and fertilizers. According to the USGS, about one-quarter of U.S. phosphoric acid production is exported as merchant-grade acid, upgraded granular diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and other fertilizer products.
No.4 Russia
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Phosphate Production (2024): 14 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 2.4 billion tons
Russia’s production decreased to 14 million tons in 2024 from 15 million tons the previous year. Its reserves stand at 2.4 billion tons. Major producer PhosAgro, through its subsidiary Apatit, extracts phosphate from apatite deposits in the Kola Peninsula. The Acron Group also operates the Oleniy Ruchey mine in the Perm region. While historically reliant on European markets, geopolitical shifts have redirected Russian exports towards countries like India and Brazil.
No.5 Jordan
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Phosphate Production (2024): 12 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 1 billion tons
Jordan’s production reached 12 million tons in 2024, with reserves estimated at 1 billion tons. The sole producer is the state-owned Jordan Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC), which claims to be the world’s second-largest phosphate exporter and sixth-largest producer. Its three mines have a combined annual capacity exceeding 11 million tons.
No.6 Saudi Arabia
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Phosphate Production (2024): 9.5 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 1 billion tons
Saudi Arabia produced 9.5 million tons in 2024, a slight decrease from 2023. The Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Ma’aden) operates major production facilities with an annual capacity of up to 5 million tons of phosphate concentrate.
No.7 Brazil
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Phosphate Production (2024): 5.3 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 1.6 billion tons
Brazil’s production remained steady at 5.3 million tons in 2024. As a major global fertilizer consumer and importer due to its vast agricultural sector, Brazil is expected to add significant new phosphate capacity by 2027. Mosaic is the country’s largest producer of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers. In April 2024, Eurochem inaugurated a new $1 billion phosphate fertilizer plant in Minas Gerais with an annual capacity of 1 million tons of high-grade products.
No.8 Egypt
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Phosphate Production (2024): 5 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 2.8 billion tons
Egypt maintained its 2023 production level of 5 million tons in 2024. The country’s reserves are reported at 2.8 billion tons. Misr Phosphate operates several high-grade mines, including Abu Tartur, Sebaiya, and Red Sea.
No.9 Peru
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Phosphate Production (2024): 4.7 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 210 million tons
Production in Peru decreased to 4.7 million tons in 2024 from 5 million tons in 2023. Notably, the U.S. sources approximately 98% of its phosphate imports from Peru. In mid-2024, a $940 million investment was committed to expand the Bayóvar mine operated by Fosfatos del Pacífico, which is expected to boost national output over the next decade.
No.10 Tunisia
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Phosphate Production (2024): 3.3 million tons
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Phosphate Reserves: 2.5 billion tons
Tunisia’s output was 3.3 million tons in 2024, down from 3.6 million tons in 2023. It holds the world’s fourth-largest phosphate reserves at 2.5 billion tons. The state-owned Gafsa Phosphate Company initiated a $76 million investment plan in 2023, partly aimed at increasing production capacity.
